| Full operational map of a spark-ignited medium-duty single-cylinder 100% ammonia-fueled engine | International Journal of Engine Research | A Voris, S Kane, S Wuthrich, S Reggeti, N Okey, K Herrmann, W Northrop | 2026 |
| Influence of Combustion Strategy and Fuel Ethanol Content on Effective Density, Concentration, and Size of Particles Emitted by a Lean Burn Gasoline Direct Injection Engine | Emission Control Science and Technology | W Chen, N Bock, W Northrop, D Kittelson | 2025 |
| Pre-Chamber Combustion of Pure Ammonia in a Single-Cylinder Medium-Duty Engine | ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference | A Voris, S Kane, N Okey, W Northrop | 2025 |
| Experimental Investigation of Particulate Emissions From an Ammonia-Fueled Internal Combustion Engine | Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 147 (10), 101014 | T Patil, S Reggeti, SP Kane, WF Northrop | 2025 |
| Impact of hydrogen injection strategies on ammonia internal combustion engines ignited with active pre-chambers | Fuel 388, 134414 | L Sforza, S Reggeti, A Nodi, F Ramognino, A Stagni, T Lucchini | 2025 |
| Comparative Analysis of Mass Estimation Methods for Heavy-Duty Vehicles under Varying Payload Conditions | SAE Technical Paper | B Jayaprakash, M Eagon, S Fakhimi, A Kotz, W Northrop | 2025 |
| Exploring the effects of varying pre-chamber geometry in a heavy-duty natural gas optically accessible engine under dilution conditions | SAE Technical Paper | A Dhotre, G Nyrenstedt, R Rajasegar, A Varma, S Singh, W Northrop | 2025 |
| Climate smart computing: A perspective | Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 102019 | M Yang, B Jayaprakash, S Ghosh, HT Jung, M Eagon, WF Northrop | 2025 |
| Influence of snowfall on the fuel consumption of winter maintenance vehicles | Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 139, 104543 | DR Challa, MJ Eagon, WF Northrop | 2025 |
| Ammonia combustion and emissions in practical applications: a review | Carbon Neutrality 3 (1), 1-45 | M Alnajideen, H Shi, W Northrop, D Emberson, S Kane, P Czyzewski | 2024 |
| Towards Pareto-optimality with Multi-level Bi-objective Routing: A Summary of Results | Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on … | M Yang, R Zeng, A Sharma, S Sawamura, WF Northrop, S Shekhar | 2024 |
| Swirl burner for ammonia combustion | US Patent App. 18/640,878 | SP Kane, WF Northrop, C Goertemiller | 2024 |
| Experimental Investigation of Particulate Emissions From An Ammonia-Fueled Internal Combustion Engine | Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference 88520, V001T05A001 | T Patil, S Reggeti, SP Kane, WF Northrop | 2024 |
| De-Snowing Algorithm for Long-Wavelength LiDAR | 2024 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 2026-2032 | B Jayaprakash, M Eagon, L Zhan, WF Northrop | 2024 |
| Structure and nitric oxide formation in laminar diffusion flames of ammonia–hydrogen and air | Fuel 362, 130764 | DE Thomas, C Wadkar, CFW Goertemiller, WF Northrop | 2024 |
| Lean ammonia-fueled engine operation enabled by hydrogen-assisted turbulent jet ignition | Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering 10, 1368717 | SA Reggeti, WF Northrop | 2024 |
| Oxidative coupling of methane using oxidant mixtures of CO2 and O2 over Sr/La2O3 | Applied Catalysis A: General 673, 119587 | H Lee, WF Northrop | 2024 |
| Modeling nitrogen species from ammonia reciprocating engine combustion in temperature-equivalence ratio space | Applications in Energy and Combustion Science 17, 100245 | WF Northrop | 2024 |
| Computational Study on the Effect of Thermal Boundary Conditions and Axial Aspect Ratio on Catalytic Oxidative Coupling of Methane | Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 62 (46), 19907-19919 | C Wadkar, A Kumar, H Lee, B Rollins, N Grosjean, S Singh, WF Northrop | 2023 |
| Towards Carbon-Aware Spatial Computing: Challenges and Opportunities | I-GUIDE FORUM 2023-HARNESSING THE GEOSPATIAL DATA REVOLUTION FOR … | B Jayaprakash, M Eagon, M Yang, W Northrop, S Shekhar | 2023 |
| A Quasi-Dimensional Model of Heat Transfer between Multi-Concentric Monolith Structures | Thermo 3 (4), 515-536 | SP Kane, WF Northrop | 2023 |
| Initial development of a physics-aware machine learning framework for soot mass prediction in gasoline direct injection engines | SAE Technical Paper | B Jayaprakash, B Wilmer, WF Northrop | 2023 |
| Experimental investigation of spark-assisted compression-ignition with ammonia-hydrogen blends | Journal of Ammonia Energy 1 (1), 91-105 | S Reggeti, S Kane, W Northrop | 2023 |
| Special issue on "Piston Engines as Chemical Reactors" | Applications in Energy and Combustion Science 14, 100133 | B Atakan, WF Northrop, SA Kaiser | 2023 |
| Hydrogen production in ammonia-fueled spark ignition engines | Applications in Energy and Combustion Science 14, 100136 | SA Reggeti, SP Kane, WF Northrop | 2023 |
| A survey on solving and discovering differential equations using deep neural networks | arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.13807 | J Gupta, B Jayaprakash, M Eagon, HP Selvam, C Molnar, W Northrop | 2023 |
| Development of a Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicle Integration and Implementation (HEVII) Tool | SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility 5 … | A Badheka, MJ Eagon, S Fakhimi, P Wiringa, E Miller, A Kotz, W Northrop | 2023 |
| Reactor systems and methods for thermally decomposing ammonia | US Patent App. 17/728,433 | W Northrop, SP Kane | 2022 |
| On-Demand Reactivity Enhancement to Enable Advanced Low Temperature Natural Gas Internal Combustion Engines | Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States) | W Northrop | 2023 |
| Reducing Winter Maintenance Equipment Fuel Consumption Using Advanced Vehicle Data Analytics | Minnesota Department of Transportation | W Northrop, DR Challa, M Eagon, P Wringa | 2023 |
| Data Mining Challenges and Opportunities to Achieve Net Zero Carbon Emissions: Focus on Electrified Vehicles | Proceedings of the 2023 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining (SDM … | M Yang, B Jayaprakash, M Eagon, H Jung, WF Northrop, S Shekhar | 2023 |
| Eco-pinn: A physics-informed neural network for eco-toll estimation | Proceedings of the 2023 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining (SDM … | Y Li, M Yang, M Eagon, M Farhadloo, Y Xie, WF Northrop, S Shekhar | 2023 |
| Extinction and NO formation of ammonia-hydrogen and air non-premixed counterflow flames | Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 39 (2), 1803-1812 | DE Thomas, KP Shrestha, F Mauss, WF Northrop | 2023 |
| Oxidative Coupling of Methane with CO2 Using Sr/La2O3 and the Effect of Oxygen Addition | 2022 AIChE Annual Meeting | H Lee, W Northrop | 2022 |
| Revolutionizing electric vehicle management: Spatial computing challenges and opportunities | Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on … | H Jung, M Yang, M Eagon, W Northrop | 2022 |
| Operating range and emissions from ammonia-hydrogen mixtures in spark-ignited engines | Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference 86540, V001T02A013 | E Swift, S Kane, WF Northrop | 2022 |
| Temperature Dependent Removal Efficiency of Crankcase Control Devices | Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference 86540, V001T04A007 | MD Hicks, WF Northrop, D Potratz, DB Kittelson | 2022 |
| Exploring the Benefits of Oxidative Coupling of Methane on Natural Gas Engine Efficiency Through One-Dimensional Simulation | Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference 86540, V001T02A012 | E Swift, C Wadkar, H Lee, S Singh, WF Northrop | 2022 |
| Products of catalytic oxidative coupling of methane to improve thermal efficiency in natural gas engines | Energy Conversion and Management 268, 116030 | S Cho, H Lee, Y Lin, S Singh, WF Northrop | 2022 |
| Can Automated Vehicles | Minnesota. Department of Transportation. Office of Research & Innovation | W Northrop, L Zhan, S Haag, D Zarling | 2022 |
| Solid particulate mass and number from ducted fuel injection in an optically accessible diesel engine in skip-fired operation | International Journal of Engine Research 23 (7), 1226-1236 | BM Wilmer, CW Nilsen, DE Biles, CJ Mueller, WF Northrop | 2022 |
| Model-Based Framework to Optimize Charger Station Deployment for Battery Electric Vehicles | 2022 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 1639-1648 | M Eagon, S Fakhimi, G Lyu, A Yang, B Lin, WF Northrop | 2022 |
| Mass Detection for Heavy-Duty Vehicles using Gaussian Belief Propagation | 2022 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 1655-1661 | M Eagon, S Fakhimi, A Pernsteiner, WF Northrop | 2022 |
| Synthesis gas as a fuel for internal combustion engines in transportation | Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 90, 100995 | A Paykani, H Chehrmonavari, A Tsolakis, T Alger, WF Northrop, RD Reitz | 2022 |
| Impacts of engine lubrication oil-derived ash on soot oxidative reactivity on a catalytic gasoline particulate filter | Journal of Aerosol Science 162, 105960 | NRH Bock, DB Kittelson, WF Northrop | 2022 |
| Modeling Climate Control Loads and the Impact on Vehicle Range for Last-Mile Electric Delivery Trucks in Cold Climates | SAE Technical Paper | M Eagon, J Trujillo, W Northrop | 2022 |
| Neural Network-Based Electric Vehicle Range Prediction for Smart Charging Optimization | Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 144 (1), 011110 | MJ Eagon, DK Kindem, H Panneer Selvam, WF Northrop | 2022 |
| Thermochemical recuperation to enable efficient ammonia-diesel dual-fuel combustion in a compression ignition engine | Energies 14 (22), 7540 | SP Kane, WF Northrop | 2021 |
| Simulation of Turbulent Combustion in Gasoline Direct Injection Spark-Ignited Engines Using a Stochastic Reactor Model | Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference 85512, V001T06A001 | BM Wilmer, WF Northrop | 2021 |
| Influence of Fuel Properties on Gasoline Direct Injection Particulate Matter Emissions Over First 200 s of World-Harmonized Light-Duty Test Procedure Using an Engine | Journal of Energy Resources Technology 143 (10), 102307 | NR Bock, WF Northrop | 2021 |
| Non-premixed reactive volatilization reactor for catalytic reforming of ethanol and E85 | Results in Engineering 11, 100247 | Y Lin, X Li, H Lee, WF Northrop | 2021 |
| Prediction of NOx emissions from compression ignition engines using ensemble learning-based models with physical interpretability | SAE Technical Paper Series 1 | H Panneer Selvam, S Shekhar, WF Northrop | 2021 |
| Surveying the applicability of energy recovery technologies for waste treatment: Case study for anaerobic wastewater treatment in Minnesota | Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 71 (8), 974-988 | A Lasode, E Rinn, WF Northrop | 2021 |
| Vehicle emissions prediction with physics-aware AI models: Preliminary results | arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.00375 | HP Selvam, Y Li, P Wang, WF Northrop, S Shekhar | 2021 |
| Vehicle Emissions Prediction with Physics-Aware AI Models: Preliminary Results | arXiv e-prints, arXiv: 2105.00375 | H Panneer Selvam, Y Li, P Wang, WF Northrop, S Shekhar | 2021 |
| Impact of Fog Particles on 1.55 µm Automotive LiDAR Sensor Performance: An Experimental Study in an Enclosed Chamber | SAE Technical Paper | L Zhan, WF Northrop | 2021 |
| Effect of Piston Geometry on In-Cylinder Fluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer, and Ignition Delay in Rapid Compression Machines | SAE Technical Paper | R Biwalkar, N Desmornes, D Dasrath, W Northrop, S Singh | 2021 |
| Thermochemical recuperation to enable efficient ammonia-diesel dual-fuel combustion in a compression ignition engine. Energies. 2021; 14 (22): 7540 | s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published … | S Kane, WF Northrop | 2021 |
| A non-premixed reactive volatilization reactor for catalytic partial oxidation of low volatility fuels at a short contact time | Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 6 (4), 662-671 | Y Lin, X Li, MV Twigg, WF Northrop | 2021 |
| Bowl piston geometry as an alternative to enlarged crevice pistons for rapid compression machines | Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 38 (4), 5723-5731 | DK Dasrath, R Biwalkar, S Singh, WF Northrop | 2021 |
| Automated passenger counter systems and methods | US Patent 10,850,588 | W Northrop, D Kittelson, A Kotz | 2020 |
| Influence of Fuel Properties on GDI PM Emissions Over First 200 Seconds of WLTP Using an Engine Dynamometer and Novel “Virtual Drivetrain” Software | Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference 84034, V001T04A009 | NR Bock, WF Northrop | 2020 |
| Significant lagrangian linear hotspot discovery | Proceedings of the 13th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on … | Y Li, Y Xie, P Wang, S Shekhar, W Northrop | 2020 |
| Engine fuel-reforming reactors, systems, and methods | US Patent 10,815,123 | W Northrop | 2020 |
| Uncertainty-aware energy management of extended range electric delivery vehicles with bayesian ensemble | 2020 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 1556-1562 | P Wang, Y Li, S Shekhar, WF Northrop | 2020 |
| Formal methods approach to the charging facility location problem for battery electric vehicles | 2020 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 1370-1377 | MJ Eagon, WF Northrop | 2020 |
| Physics-guided energy-efficient path selection using on-board diagnostics data | ACM Transactions on Data Science 1 (3), 1-28 | Y Li, P Kotwal, P Wang, Y Xie, S Shekhar, W Northrop | 2020 |
| Dicarboxylic acid emissions from a GDI engine equipped with a catalytic gasoline particulate filter | Fuel 275, 117940 | NRH Bock, MM Baum, JA Moss, AE Castonguay, S Jocic, WF Northrop | 2020 |
| Correlation of nanoparticle size distribution features to spatiotemporal flame luminosity in gasoline direct injection engines | International Journal of Engine Research 21 (7), 1107-1117 | J Jeon, N Bock, DB Kittelson, WF Northrop | 2020 |
| Risk-aware energy management of extended range electric delivery vehicles with implicit quantile network | 2020 IEEE 16th International Conference on Automation Science and … | P Wang, Y Li, S Shekhar, WF Northrop | 2020 |
| Adversarial attacks on reinforcement learning based energy management systems of extended range electric delivery vehicles | arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.00817 | P Wang, Y Li, S Shekhar, WF Northrop | 2020 |
| A Physics Model-Guided Online Bayesian Framework for Energy Management of Extended Range Electric Delivery Vehicles | arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.00795 | P Wang, Y Li, S Shekhar, WF Northrop | 2020 |
| Advanced Engine and Fuel Technologies Annual Progress Report (FY2019) | Sandia National Lab.(SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Sandia … | S Busch, MPB Musculus, LM Pickett, SA Skeen, JE Dec, IW Ekoto | 2020 |
| Reinforcement Learning based Energy Management of Multi-Mode Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles for Commuter Route | SAE Technical Paper | P Wang, W Northrop | 2020 |
| Data-Driven Framework for Fuel Efficiency Improvement in Extended Range Electric Vehicle Used in Package Delivery Applications | SAE Technical Paper | P Wang, W Northrop | 2020 |
| Physical model-guided machine learning framework for energy management of vehicles | US Patent App. 16/597,441 | W Northrop, A Kotz, P Wang | 2020 |